The relation between speaker drivers and cabinet box.

Speaker manufacturers produce different types of units. Some are only responsible for playing bass, called woofer, midrange is called midrange, and tweeter is only responsible for treble. In this case, a targeted design can be adopted to change the performance is better.

 

Speaker refers to a device that can convert audio signals into sound. In layman's terms, it means that the main speaker cabinet or the subwoofer cabinet has its own power amplifier, which amplifies the audio signal and replays the sound from the speaker itself to make the sound louder.

 

The speaker is the terminal of the entire sound system, and its function is to convert audio electric energy into corresponding sound energy and radiate it to the space. It is an extremely important part of the sound system, and is responsible for the task of converting electrical signals into acoustic signals for direct listening by human ears.

 

Can it sound with a speaker drivers, do I need speaker box?

 

1. In order to make the sound quality more beautiful, rich and pleasant.

 

2. The sound cannot be distorted after resonating through the speaker, and it has a high degree of fax performance. For example, a beautiful piece of music is composed of many musical instruments. The violin, oboe, clarinet, flute trumpet, bassoon, double bass, bass drum and percussion instruments cooperate with each other. Twenty times bigger, only the low-frequency ensemble sound can be heard, but the violin sound cannot be heard. The sound size ratio of each frequency band of the music is different from the original, which is distortion.

 

The sound principle of the speaker drivers

 

1. How does the speaker make sound? The audio signal transmitted from the CD player, vinyl turntable, etc., is amplified by the amplifier, and the audio current passes through the voice coil of the speaker unit under the action of the magnetic field, causing the cone to vibrate and produce The audio signal is the same frequency sound.

 

 

2. Why does the sound sound high and low? The sound level is determined by the number of sound wave vibrations. The number of vibrations per second is expressed in Hertz (Hz), and the number of vibrations per second is a few hertz. The louder and lower the sound, the lower the Hz number. The higher and sharper the sound, the greater the Hz. The bass is about 80 or 90 Hz, and the soprano can reach 1100 Hz. The frequency range that the human ear can hear is 20 to 20000 Hz.

 

The speaker has three main functions

 

1. The role of resonance box. Here the speaker unit is the sound source, and the sound waves it emits are resonated by the speaker products, so the sound is strengthened. This is like a violin. If there are only four strings and no gourd-shaped box, it is impossible to resonate, and it is impossible to produce such a loud, melodious, and pleasing sound. The same is true for the erhu, which has a cylindrical resonance box covered with snakeskin. Similarly, the top and bottom of the big drum are cowhide, and the wooden barrel in the middle is the resonance box. You may also think that the thick and deep sound of the bass drum has a lot to do with its thick resonance box. You can try to take the speaker of the radio out of its speakers, and what changes will happen to the sound.

 

2. Solve the problem of sound short circuit. The sound effect of a speaker unit in free space is not ideal. Because at a certain moment, the cone moves forward, the air in front is compressed and the density increases, and the density of the air behind the cone must become smaller and sparse. Therefore, the front and rear sound waves are exactly opposite, and when the rear sound waves go around to the front, it will offset it, which is called a short circuit. This is especially true for low-frequency sound waves.

 

Therefore, the bass effect of general speakers is particularly poor. If the speaker is placed in the speaker, the front baffle of the speaker separates the front and rear sound waves, or the two reverse sound waves are properly processed to provide a normal path for the sound emitted by the woofer and make the low-frequency sound waves more effective Radiate out to give full play to the performance of the bass unit. For example, the sound-absorbing material used absorbs the sound waves behind the cone to prevent its interference (this is the principle of closed speakers).

 

Or invert the phase of the sound wave behind the cone, make it consistent with the front phase, and then send it to the front, and add it to the front sound (this is the principle of the inverted speaker), so that it will not weaken, but will The sound is enhanced. In addition to most of the inverted speaker designs used, there are also transmission line speakers that have evolved from the inverted structure to be more complex, more difficult to produce, expensive, better bass definition, wider dynamics and faster response.

 

3. Properly process the sound to reduce distortion and improve sound quality.

 

The structure of the speaker drivers

 

1. Shell and box: There are two types: enclosed and inverted. The closed structure is simple and the bass performance is good, but the cabinet is large, and the inverted technology is difficult, and the fax performance may be affected. But under the same performance conditions, the volume is small, only 3/5 of the closed type.

 

2. Speaker drivers: at least one tweeter and one bass unit.

 

3. Frequency divider: The frequency divider is an electronic circuit component. Its function is to separate audio frequency by high frequency and low frequency signal. The high frequency signal is allocated to the tweeter, and the low frequency signal is allocated to the woofer unit. So that they can get a uniform correct working frequency. At the same time, it prevents the high-power low-frequency current from passing through the tweeter and causing damage. The frequency dividing line is generally 2500-3500 Hz.

 

4. Sound-absorbing materials: different filling methods can achieve different effects.

 

 

Materials for making speakers

 

1. Wood, slate, cement, glass fiber reinforced plastic, metal can be used, and the effect of wood is better. High-density dense wood boards are not easy to process, so medium-density dense wood boards are generally the preferred material.

 

2. The thickness of the plate is theoretically the thicker the better, but too thick also wastes material. It is best to depend on the power.

 

3. The size of the loudspeaker box is selected according to the needs of power and frequency.

 

4. Sound-absorbing materials can be glass wool, rock wool, sponge, acrylic cotton, bulky cotton, foam plastic, etc. Its role is to change the tone. The thickness is required to be 10-30 mm.

 

Speaker assembly

 

1. Calculate the volume of the cabinet according to the frequency response requirements and the size of the speaker unit, and set the length, width and height dimensions.

 

2. Cutting materials, cutting and punching must strive to be precise and accurate.

 

3. Use glue or tenor to make the box. It is required to be correct and tightly integrated, even if there is a gap of 0.01 mm, it will damage the sound quality.

 

4. Install the horn, frequency divider, and terminal.

 

5. Cover the net cover.